Sumer was one of the earliest civilizations in human history, emerging in Mesopotamia (modern-day Iraq) around 3100 BCE. The Sumerians built some of the world’s first cities, such as Ur, Uruk, Lagash, Nippur, and Eridu. These cities were known for their impressive architecture, including ziggurats (massive temple structures), advanced irrigation systems, and the invention of cuneiform writing, one of the world’s earliest forms of writing.
Sumer was a highly organized society with a complex government, religious traditions, and economic systems based on agriculture, trade, and craftsmanship. The Sumerians worshipped many gods, with each city dedicated to a specific deity, and their myths and epics (such as the Epic of Gilgamesh) influenced later cultures.
